To what extent do ways of knowing prevent us from deluding...

To what extent do ways of knowing prevent us from deluding ourselves? Justify your answer with reference to at least one area of knowledge Ways of knowing are the core of TOK for us to get knowledge in different Areas of Knowledge. The two key terms on this essay question are â€Å"ways of Knowing† and â€Å"deluding ourselves†. â€Å"Ways of knowing are how we acquire knowledge about the world around us, and figure out our relationship with it†. (IB Diploma Program, 31) Ways of Knowing help us to understand Areas of Knowledge fully. TOK has 8 Ways of Knowing; on this essay I will discuss the three ways: - sense perception, emotions, and reasoning. â€Å"Deluding ourselves† means to mislead the mind or judgment. It means deceiving ourselves. In other†¦show more content†¦That fear will cause me to run (Theory of Knowledge). These decisions have to be decided quickly and they come from our emotions. The last but not the least is reasons. Reasoning is justification for something. Reasoning follows logic or the truth. It prevents us from deluding ourselves since when we are reasoning we use evidence to conclude and we accept the truth whether we like it or not. In order to get knowledge in science we usually use inductive and deductive arguments. We need to see the past patterns to generalize knowledge. Unless we generalize and put them as a theory or a law, it is hard to get knowledge from natural science. Deductive reasoning uses specific premises to conclude a truth, and if the premises are true, the conclusion is impossible to be false. For example- All IB students must do TOK and EE Adam is an IB student Adam must do TOK and EE (Theory of Knowledge ) Such generalizations help us to come to a specific truth. In natural science, when scientists come up with a theory, first they will do an experiment and they will look for patterns in order to make conclusions. For example- My grandfather has diabetes, my father has also has diabetes, and I also has diabetes, so my son will have diabetes problem. Such knowledge is very important in natural science to give a reliable knowledge through reasoning. However, to some extent, ways of knowing may delude us from knowing the truth. Ways of knowing are dependent on eachShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesstrategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth – and often providing ‘solutions’ to some of the problems or difï ¬ culties identiï ¬ ed in the case. There are also over 33 classic cases on the Companion Website. These are a selection of cases from recent editions of the book which remain relevant for teaching. The case studies are intended to serve as a basis for class discussion and not as an illustration of either good or bad management practice. They are not intended to be a comprehensive

A Brief Note On Cross Culture Of India - 928 Words

Somewhere culture defines the way of living of people of that area. Therefore I selected this topic of cross culture of India because the India a huge populated country and there are different religions in this country. Besides this I think we should have the knowledge about the other country cultures there languages how they like to live because in this world we can meet any one in any situations. That’s why it’s necessary for us to have knowledge about the cultures of the other country there people, there style of living, festivals, education systems, cuisines, weddings and the most important one their languages. India is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. The culture of India varies from place to place within the country. The Indian culture is the combination of several different cultures. Indian culture is specifically based on the religions there are several different religions belonging to same country. Basically they have the same religion but they have divided themselves into various sub groups for example Brahmans and others. Moreover, there are several more religions living there as the minority such as Islam (14.2%), Christianity (2.3%), Sikhism (1.7%), Buddhism (0.2%), Jainism (0.4%). There are joint family systems in the India where the extended members of a family father, mother, children, his spouse and their offspring lives together. Usually the oldest member of the family is the head of the family. He rules the whole family in taking seriousShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement Of Industrial Design987 Words   |  4 PagesUSA is the place where one can find the most di versified universities. I have chosen this country to pursue my undergraduate degree as the major I aim to study is not offered by a lot of universities in my country (India). The major I intend to opt for is Industrial Design. Attention to fine detailing is the key factor for the success of any appealing product. As an industrial designer I dream of developing concepts and specifications that optimise the functionality, value and the overall appearanceRead MorePest Analysis for Thorntons Expanding Business in China and India5083 Words   |  21 PagesPEST Analysis for Thorntons ——Expanding Business in China India WANG Keyun, REN Yuchen, ZHOU Yihui, LIN Xi, SHI Zhengjun, YANG Liuyi Nottingham University Business School University of Nottingham Ningbo China 2012/11/1 Table of contents ...................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary ................................................................................................. 2 1. Company Overview andRead MoreOrganizational Citizenship Behaviour ( Ocb )1564 Words   |  7 Pages The working culture has changed since, and that OCB could no longer be described as discretionary. Personality Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) It has long been studied whether or not personality has a direct or indirect link to employees’ organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in an organization. One of the studies conducted by Isen (1987) shown some promising results that recorded the effect of affective state on prosocial organizational behaviour (POB). Brief and MotowidloRead MoreThe Life of Xuanzang1789 Words   |  8 Pagesperformed a historic pilgrimage to India in search of â€Å"sutras†, â€Å"dharma† and the â€Å"sacred traces of the Buddha†. He undertook this journey at a most tumultuous time; when the Tang dynasty was at war with the Turks. Due to the restrictions on border crossing, his expedition to India in 629 A.D was very difficult. Xuanzang, however, did not experience a break in his resolve and successfully completed his journey. Several decades after Xuanzang returned from India, his disciples Huili and Yanzong wroteRead MoreCross Cultural Management4004 Words   |  17 Pagesframework for understanding the differences in the cultures of India and China and to highlight the adjustments that will need to be made by ABC Ltd. which is based in Northampton, UK to succeed in the innovation co-operation of solar technology solutions in these two countries (Bhasin, 2007). In this paper we have used the historical background of cultures in India and China to define value, traditions, and attitudes. It also highlights the various cross cultural problems and adjustments which theRead MoreEssay about Kashmir Conflict4887 Words   |  20 Pagesconflict between the Republic of India and Pakistan. Since the British granted independence to India and Pakistan in 1947 there has been much contention as to where the partition should be in the Kashmir and Jammu region. The newborn states of India and Pakistan (East and West) were created along religious lines in fear of Hindu subjugation of the Muslim minority. Kashmir in this sense is a perplexing issue since it is a poly-ethnic region and the only state within India holding a Muslim majority. India’sRead MorePersuasive Speech On Flip-Flops1674 Words   |  7 PagesQuestions Type: Policy Organization: Classical Argument General Purpose: To persuade. Specific Purpose: To persuade the class to stop wearing flip-flops Central Idea: People should not wear flip-flops because there are risks of injury, infection, and they cross fashion boundaries. I. Introduction A. They say you should always put your best foot forward. But what if that foot is not the best it could be? B. Today I am here to persuade you to ditch your flip-flops. C. After researching the many perils of wearingRead MoreThe Masters Of Business Planning1822 Words   |  8 Pages It is also the most powerful single trader in the European Union. Everyone look to be active at work or in business. As a result, tough competition exists between many companies that produce and sell identical goods and services (World Business Culture). When doing business in Germany, it is essential to appreciate that business etiquette is of great importance to your German counterparts. Germany is a strongly individualistic nation. The people demand the utmost respect at all times. Everyone hasRead MoreEducation in the New Powerhouse Economies: Catching Up or Leading the Way?5758 Words   |  24 Pageseconomies – catching up or leading the way? Discuss in relation to India and/or China.† India and China: Catching Up And Leading The Way In recent years, China and India have both exploded onto the international education landscape as major global forces (Altbach 2009). China is considered one of the world’s most influential economies (OECD 2010b), whilst India is seen as playing a key role in the global knowledge economy (Agarwal 2007). India has also been described as â€Å"the science superpower of the ThirdRead MoreHow The Chinese Culture Can Affect The Business And Productivity3502 Words   |  15 PagesStrategies (How to reap advantages from the particular economic region or country) We have discussed the opportunities and challenges that may come up in doing business in China. We have also seen how the Chinese culture can affect the business and productivity. A choice of a foreign market like China is favourable when the market there is : Politically stable If it has free market system : highly competitive economy If it has a low inflation rate : so as to be able to finance the business using

Adolescent Peer Pressure Essay Example For Students

Adolescent Peer Pressure Essay Adolescent Peer Pressure Essay Between the ages of twelve and nineteen is a period in a teenagers life that determines what kind of adult he or she will become. This period of adolescence, also known as the ;formative years;, is the subject of much study and research to determine why adolescents are vulnerable to the phenomenon called peer pressure. The disturbing number of incidents of teenage drug use, teenage pregnancy and teenage suicide is most assuredly the reason that fuels the need for such research. Perhaps it is because as children they are taught the importance of having and maintaining friends. Or perhaps they dont feel that they can talk to their parents or teachers when problems arise. Or maybe they simply want to rebel against the pressures placed on them as youths. Because adolescents spend their time either at home or in school, it is within these confines that the answers to adolescents behavior lay. In other words, family and school can sometimes cause adolescents to give in to peer pressure because of an overemphasis on the importance of social adjustment, a lack of interest or communication on the part of the parents and teachers, and the unrealistic expectations that these entities create. Although the purpose of attending school is to receive an education, it also provides children with a medium through which they can develop relationships with other children that eventually turn into friendships. The ability to form friendships can be traced back to even the pre-school years and its importance from this time forward is emphasized by eager parents who want their children to fit in at school. ;Interactions with friends or other peers are crucial for the development of a mature morality. ; (Juvonen, p.11) Most would agree that social interaction is important but sometimes parents are guilty of over-emphasizing this importance. Lets recall the numerous birthday parties where every child in the neighborhood was invited to come regardless of whether or not they were actual friends. This desire to socialize children also occurs in the classroom at school. The classroom setting represents not only an educational arena but a powerful social context in which the psychological adjustment of children and adolescents can be affected.(Juvonen, p. 248) Teachers tend to promote social interaction by assigning exercises that require working in pairs or groups. Furthermore, when a teacher spots a child playing alone, they will encourage him or her to join the other children while overlooking the possibility that the child might have preferred to be alone. Thus, from an early age, children are taught to value the importance of social interaction and this value stays with them as they move into the adolescent years. The result is that adolescents come to value their friendships deeply and in some cases more so than their relationships with family members. This accounts for the adolescent not being able to refuse their friends for fear of losing the bonds that they have formed and is thus a cause of their greater vulnerability to peer pressure. A second cause that contributes to the vulnerability of adolescents in the face of peer pressure is the lack of interest or communication on the part of the parents and teachers. Under ordinary circumstances, parents and children rarely do things together, except at meal times. Ever since work and school have pulled adults and children away from the home, conflicting schedules keep family members circling around each other in eccentric orbits.(Csikszentmihalyi, p.145) If the parents are not around or simply do not show interest in their childrens affairs, then it should not be surprising that adolescents will be more influenced by their peers with whom they spend the majority of their time. ;In terms of sheer amount of time, peers are by far the greatest presence in the adolescents life.(Czikszentmihalyi, p. College Education Comparison Between America And Vietnam Essay71) Since the adolescent also spends a good deal of time at school, it would seem that the teacher would serve as a sort of parent model in the classroom to whom students could come for guidance. However, not so much a lack of interest but rather a lack of communication exists in this setting as well, due to the ratio of students to teacher in the classroom. .

Inspirational Thoughts from 35 Writers to Improve Your Nonfiction Writing - The Writers For Hire

INSPIRATIONAL THOUGHTS FROM 35 WRITERS TO IMPROVE YOUR NONFICTION WRITING Even the most seasoned writers have days when they lack drive or just can’t seem to come up with new and fresh ideas to put on paper. During those moments when writer’s block feels like it is never-ending, it always helps to have a bit of motivational inspiration from authors who have made it big in the writing world. From poetic advice to quotes from world-famous novelists, these words of wisdom are sure to help you re-gain momentum and get out of that writing funk: 1. Maya Angelou: â€Å"There is no greater agony than bearing anuntold storyinside you.† 2. Isaac Asimov: â€Å"It is the writer who might catch the imagination of young people, and plant a seed that will flower and come to fruition.† â€Å"I write for the same reason I breathe— because if I didn’t, I would die.† 3. W.H. Auden: â€Å"Some writers confuse authenticity, which they ought to always aim at, with originality, which they should never bother about.† 4. Enid Bagnold: â€Å"Who wants to become a writer? And why? Because it’s the answer to everything. †¦ It’s the streaming reason for living. To note, to pin down, to build up, to create, to be astonished at nothing, to cherish the oddities, to let nothing go down the drain, to make something, to make a great flower out of life, even if it’s a cactus.† 5. Russell Baker: â€Å"The only thing I was fit for was to be a writer, and this notion rested solely on my suspicion that I would never be fit for real work, and that writing didn’t require any.† 6. Ray Bradbury: â€Å"Any man who keeps working is not a failure. He may not be a great writer, but if he applies the old-fashioned virtues of hard, constant labor, he’ll eventually make some kind of career for himself as writer.† â€Å"Your intuition knows what to write, so get out of the way.† â€Å"Just write every day of your life. Read intensely. Then see what happens. Most of my friends who are put on that diet have very pleasant careers.† â€Å"Let the world burn through you. Throw the prism light, white hot, on paper.† 7. David Brin: â€Å"If you have other things in your life—family, friends, good productive day work—these can interact with your writing and the sum will be all the richer.† 8. William S. Burroughs: â€Å"Cheat your landlord if you can and must, but do not try to shortchange the Muse. It cannot be done. You can’t fake quality any more than you can fake a good meal.† 9. Joseph Conrad: â€Å"A writer without interest or sympathy for the foibles of his fellow man is not conceivable as a writer.† â€Å"Only in men’s imagination does every truth find an effective and undeniable existence. Imagination, not invention, is the supreme master of art as of life.† 10. Anton Chekhov â€Å"My own experience is that once a story has been written, one has to cross out the beginning and the end. It is there that we authors do most of our lying.† â€Å"Don’t tell me the moon is shining: show me the glint of the light on broken glass.† 11. C.J. Cherryh: â€Å"It is perfectly okay to write garbage—as long as you edit brilliantly.† 12. Harlan Ellison: â€Å"People on the outside think there’s something magical about writing, that you go up in the attic at midnight and cast the bones and come down in the morning with a story, but it isn’t like that. You sit in back of the typewriter and you work, and that’s all there is to it.† 13. F. Scott Fitzgerald: â€Å"All good writing is swimming under water and holding your breath.† 14. William Faulkner: â€Å"Get it down. Take chances. It may be bad, but it’s the only way you can do anything really good.† â€Å"The work never matches the dream of perfection the artist has to start with.† â€Å"If I had not existed, someone else would have written me, Hemingway, Dostoyevsky, all of us.† 15. Ernest Hemingway: â€Å"It’s none of their business that you have to learn to write. Let them think you were born that way.† â€Å"We are all apprentices in a craft where no one ever becomes a master.† â€Å"When writing a novel a writer should create living people; people, not characters. A character is a caricature.† 16. Erica Jong: â€Å"I went for years not finishing anything. Because, of course, when you finish something you can be judged.† 17. Stephen King: â€Å"Description begins in the writer’s imagination, but should finish in the reader’s.† â€Å"If you don’t have time to read, you don’t have the time (or the tools) to write. Simple as that.† â€Å"Any word you have to hunt for in a thesaurus is the wrong word. There are no exceptions to this rule.† â€Å"Writing isn’t about making money, getting famous, getting dates, getting laid, or making friends. In the end, it’s about enriching the lives of those who will read your work, and enriching your own lie, as well. It’s about getting up, getting well, and getting over. Getting happy, okay? Getting happy.† â€Å"Making people believe the unbelievable is no trick; it’swork. †¦ Belief and reader absorption come in the details: An overturned tricycle in the gutter of an abandoned neighborhood can stand for everything.† 18. Barbara Kingsolver: â€Å"Don’t try to figure out what other people want to hear from you; figure out what you have to say. It’s the one and only thing you have to offer.† 19. Louis L’Amour: â€Å"Start writing, no matter what. The water does not flow until the faucet is turned on.† 20. Harper Lee: â€Å"I would advise anyone who aspires to a writing career that before developing his talent he would be wise to develop a thick hide.† 21. Anne McCaffrey â€Å"Tell the readers a story! Because without a story, you are merely using words to prove you can string them together in logical sentences.† 22. Somerset Maugham â€Å"If you can tell stories, create characters, devise incidents, and have sincerity and passion, it doesn’t matter a damn how you write.† â€Å"All the words I use in my stories can be found in the dictionary—it’s just a matter of arranging them into the right sentences.† 23. Herman Melville â€Å"To produce a mighty book, you must choose a mighty theme.† 24. Larry Niven: â€Å"You learn by writing short stories. Keep writing short stories. The money’s in novels, but writing short stories keeps your writing lean and pointed.† 25. George Orwell: â€Å"When I sit down to write a book, I do not say to myself, ‘I am going to produce a work of art.’ I write it because there is some lie that I want to expose, some fact to which I want to draw attention, and my initial concern is to get a hearing.† 26. Sylvia Plath: â€Å"Some things are hard to write about. After something happens to you, you go to write it down, and either you over dramatize it, or underplay it, exaggerate the wrong parts or ignore the important ones. At any rate, you never write it quite the way you want to.† 27. Ayn Rand â€Å"Words are a lens to focus one’s mind.† 28. Edgar Rice Burroughs â€Å"I have been successful probably because I have always realized that I knew nothing about writing and have merely tried to tell an interesting story entertainingly.† â€Å"If you write one story, it may be bad; if you write a hundred, you have the odds in your favor.† 29. Mark Twain â€Å"Most writers regard truth as their most valuable possession, and therefor are most economical in its use.† â€Å"Focus more on your desire than on your doubt, and the dream will take care of itself.† â€Å"Substitute ‘damn’ every time you’re inclined to write ‘very;’ your editor will delete it and the writing will be just as it should be.† â€Å"The difference between the almost right word and the right word is †¦ the difference between the lightning bug and the lightning.† 30. Alan W. Watts: â€Å"Stop aspiring and start writing. If you’re writing, you’re a writer. Write like you’re a goddamn death row inmate and the governor is out of the country and there’s not chance for a pardon. Write like you’re clinging to the edge of a cliff, white knuckles, on your last breath, and you’ve just got one last thing to say, like you’re a bird flying over us and you can see everything, and please, for God’s sake, tell us something that will save us from ourselves.† 31. Walt Whitman: â€Å"A writer can do nothing for men more necessary, satisfying, than just simply to reveal to them the infinite possibilities of their own souls.† 32. E.B. Wight: â€Å"No one can write decently who is distrustful of the reader’s intelligence or whose attitude is patronizing.† 33. Richard Wright: â€Å"The more closely the author thinks of why he wrote, the more he comes to regard his imagination as a kind of self-generating cement which glued his facts together, and his emotions as a kind of dark and obscure designer of those facts. Reluctantly, he comes to the conclusion that to account for his book is to account for his life.† 34. Jane Yolen: â€Å"Exercise the writing muscle every day, even if it is only a letter, notes, a title list, a character sketch, a journal entry. Writers are like dancers, like athletes. Without that exercise, the muscles seize up.† 35. William Zinsser: â€Å"I almost always urge people to write in the first person. †¦ Writing is an act of ego and you might as well admit it.† â€Å"To defend what you’ve written is a sign that you are alive.†